Subcutaneous adipose

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the layer of fat located directly beneath the skin (the hypodermis). It serves as an energy reservoir, provides thermal insulation, and offers mechanical cushioning. Its distribution varies by sex (more in hips/thighs in females, more in abdomen in males). It also acts as an endocrine organ, secreting adipokines like leptin and adiponectin, which influence metabolism and appetite.