⚙ How is this computed? Methods: Cohort Data
LACA Longevity Cohort

Centenarian Single-Cell Atlas

A curated index of centenarian / extreme-longevity single-cell transcriptomic studies, integrating cohorts from China (Lingao, Rugao, Guangxi), Japan and the New England Centenarian Study. These resources map the immune-cell signatures that may underpin exceptional healthspan โ€” rejuvenated NK cells, cytotoxic T-cell remodeling, restored naive T pools and an overall "high-translation, low-inflammation" balance.

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Dataset Overview

Summary of the curated centenarian single-cell datasets and their data availability.

Five curated centenarian single-cell datasets with cohort counts, technology, and data location.
Dataset Journal ยท Year Centenarian / Offspring / Control Technology Data location
Three-Cohort Centenarian Atlas (NK rejuvenation)
PMID 40945050
View published evidence โ†’
eBioMedicine ยท 2025 31 / 17 / 26 scRNA-seq + TCR + CyTOF + flow Lingao GSA-Human HRA011570 (PRJCA038980, controlled); Rugao HRA002867; Japan RIKEN SC2018; age-control GSE158055
Rugao 'Blue Zone' Longevity Immune Remodeling
PMID 36354175
View published evidence โ†’
Advanced Science (Weinheim) ยท 2022 7 / 6 / 9 scRNA-seq + TCR NGDC PRJCA011218 ยท GSA-Human HRA002867
New England Centenarian multi-modal atlas ('elite immunity')
PMID 37005201
View published evidence โ†’
eBioMedicine ยท 2023 14 / 0 / 52 Multi-modal scRNA-seq + flow validation New-data GEO TBD (see PMC10114155)
Supercentenarian single-cell aging clock
PMID 37379396
View local GSE213516 samples โ†’
Science Advances ยท 2023 7 / 0 / 17 scRNA-seq + single-cell aging clock + ribosome-inhibition assay GEO GSE213516 (10/17 Shanghai reference processed); supercentenarian hum0229 not local
'Longevity Molecular Tag' immune-cell atlas
PMID 41784043
View published evidence โ†’
Aging Cell ยท 2026 โ€” / โ€” / โ€” scRNA-seq (integrated) + bulk RNA-seq + Scissor + eQTL colocalization Synapse syn61609846 + RIKEN SC2018; Guangxi bulk in paper; no local matrix

Cohort Deep-Dives

Five landmark centenarian single-cell studies, with key findings and data access.

Cohort PMID 40945050 Controlled access

Three-Cohort Centenarian Atlas (NK rejuvenation)

eBioMedicine ยท 2025 ยท DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105922
๐Ÿฃ CEN 31 offspring 17 ctl 26 scRNA-seq + TCR + CyTOF + flow
Across the Lingao, Rugao and Japan cohorts, ~230k cells show NK cells "rejuvenating" via RUNX3 and building an enhanced NKโ€“T immune defence shield.
Show cohort findings
  • NK cells significantly increased; B cells and CD4+ T reduced; offspring show intermediate state.
  • NK cells show a 'young' profile (earlier differentiation trajectory, rejuvenated membrane receptors).
  • Transcription factor RUNX3 upregulated in NK and CD4+ T (confirmed by flow).
  • NKโ€“T immune interaction enhanced via MHC-I antigen presentation, CD99 adhesion and MIF signalling.
Published evidence โ†’ PubMed โ†— PMC โ†— Article (ScienceDirect) โ†— HRA011570 (Lingao) โ†— HRA002867 (Rugao) โ†— RIKEN SC2018 (Japan) โ†— GSE158055 (age control) โ†—
Cohort PMID 36354175 Controlled access

Rugao 'Blue Zone' Longevity Immune Remodeling

Advanced Science (Weinheim) ยท 2022 ยท DOI 10.1002/advs.202204849
๐Ÿฃ CEN 7 offspring 6 ctl 9 scRNA-seq + TCR
Seven Rugao-living centenarians and their offspring share a consistent longevity immune remodeling: naive T cells recede, GZMB+/CMC1+ cytotoxic T cells accumulate with high TCR clonal expansion.
Show cohort findings
  • Centenarians and offspring both show naive T (NPC) decrease and cytotoxic T (CPC) increase, mainly CD8+.
  • CPC share enhanced immune signalling and high TCR clonal expansion in both centenarians and offspring.
  • Enrichment of GZMB+ and CMC1+ CD8 T cells (rather than age-associated GZMK+ T cells).
  • Points to a heritable, longevity-associated immune remodeling pattern for healthy aging.
Published evidence โ†’ PubMed โ†— PMC โ†— NGDC BioProject โ†— Article (Wiley) โ†—
Cohort PMID 37005201 GEO TBD

New England Centenarian multi-modal atlas ('elite immunity')

eBioMedicine ยท 2023 ยท DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104514
๐Ÿฃ CEN 14 offspring 0 ctl 52 Multi-modal scRNA-seq + flow validation
One of the largest centenarian single-cell datasets, sketching 'elite immunity' โ€” centenarians retain a highly functional, B-cell-shifted adaptive immune signature after a lifetime of exposure.
Show cohort findings
  • Age-related rise in myeloid/lymphoid ratio and in cytotoxic relative to non-cytotoxic cell fractions.
  • Centenarians show a marked CD4+ T to B-cell shift, consistent with lifelong antigen exposure and recovery.
  • Longevity-specific cell-type signatures incl. DNA-damage-response gene STK17A and centenarian-specific S100A4.
  • Proposes an 'elite immunity' concept โ€” a highly functional immune system honed over a lifetime.
Published evidence โ†’ PubMed โ†— PMC โ†— GitHub โ†— Article โ†—
Cohort PMID 37379396 GSE213516 open; SC not local

Supercentenarian single-cell aging clock

Science Advances ยท 2023 ยท DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abq7599
๐Ÿฃ CEN 7 offspring 0 ctl 17 scRNA-seq + single-cell aging clock + ribosome-inhibition assay
A PBMC single-cell aging clock shows supercentenarians' physiological age ~19 y younger than their actual age, driven by a high-ribosome-translation, low-inflammation slow-aging balance.
Show cohort findings
  • Supercentenarians' blood biological age 80.43โ€“102.67 y โ€” ~18.6 y younger than their ~110 mean actual age ('slow aging').
  • More CD8+ naive, fewer cytotoxic T / memory CD4+ T / megakaryocytes; naiveโ†’CTL polarization delayed.
  • Core molecular feature: more cells with high ribosome levels โ†’ high translation, low-inflammation state.
  • Ribosome/translation inhibition in monocytes validates a 'translation against inflammation' balance.
Local GEO samples โ†’ PubMed โ†— Science.org โ†— GSE213516 โ†— CNGB TrueBlood โ†—
Cohort PMID 41784043 Public reuse ยท not local

'Longevity Molecular Tag' immune-cell atlas

Aging Cell ยท 2026 ยท DOI 10.1111/acel.70431
๐Ÿฃ CEN โ€” offspring โ€” ctl โ€” scRNA-seq (integrated) + bulk RNA-seq + Scissor + eQTL colocalization
Integrating East-Asian full-lifespan scRNA with Guangxi centenarian bulk, this atlas maps a "longevity molecular tag" โ€” a cytotoxic immune lineage led by NK, CD8+ and ฮณฮด T balanced by fine inflammatory tuning.
Show cohort findings
  • Scissor+ cells (NK, CD8+ T, ฮณฮด T) show enhanced cytotoxic and immunomodulatory function.
  • Scissorโˆ’ cells (CD4+ T, B, dendritic cells) associate with inflammatory signalling and Th17/Th1 differentiation.
  • eQTL colocalization finds 5 longevity-associated loci (e.g. rs3793537โ€“GLIPR2/CD72/TLN1, rs8019902โ€“TRDV2/TRDC).
  • Centenarians reshape the cytotoxic immune lineage and finely regulate inflammation to achieve immune balance.
Published evidence โ†’ PubMed โ†— PMC โ†— Article โ†—
Data-access notes. Where an accession is marked Controlled access or TBD, the underlying sequencing data is either access-gated (e.g. GSA-Human HRA011570, HRA002867) or not deposited as an open local matrix. Those four studies now open a published evidence page (figures + core tables) instead of empty tracking rows. PMIDs are as indexed on PubMed โ€” always confirm details via the linked record.

Participant counts are study-reported and not deduplicated across cohorts. LACA curates and indexes the published evidence and access routes; it does not independently revalidate the findings or imply that every underlying dataset is openly accessible.