Curated catalog of molecular, genetic and clinical biomarkers of aging & longevity, with a live PubMed search (NCBI E-utilities) that pulls the latest evidence for any query — gene, protein, pathway or phenotype.
Queries are constrained to aging / longevity context.
Results cached server-side (data/human_immune_atlas/cache/pm/, 6h TTL) to respect NCBI rate limits.
| Symbol | Category | Biomarker | Age trend | Evidence | Summary | PubMed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOXO3 | Genetic | FOXO3 genetic variant (rs2802292) | protective | Established | Longevity-associated FOXO3 genotype; replicated association with human longevity and healthy aging. Review: FOXO3 as longevity factor in aging-related processes. | PMID 35004893 ↗ |
| APOE | Genetic | APOE genotype (ε2 protective / ε4 risk) | modulating | Established | APOE ε2 enriched in centenarians, ε4 associated with Alzheimer's risk and mortality. Allele-lifespan associations in extreme human longevity. | PMID 30060062 ↗ |
| KLOTHO | Protein | Klotho (KL) protein | age-related | Candidate | Soluble Klotho declines with age; anti-aging hormone modulating insulin/IGF-1 and phosphate metabolism. | PMID 19230844 ↗ |
| IL6 | Protein | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | increase with age | Established | Pro-inflammatory cytokine; key mediator of chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and age-associated disease. | PMID 24833586 ↗ |
| CRP | Clinical | C-reactive protein (CRP) | increase with age | Established | Systemic inflammatory marker; elevated CRP links to all-cause mortality in older adults. | PMID 40444244 ↗ |
| TERT | Genetic | TERT / telomerase | protective | Established | Telomerase maintains telomere length; telomere/telomerase dynamics central to cellular aging. | PMID 18391173 ↗ |
| TELOMERE | Telomere | Telomere length | decrease with age | Established | Shortened leukocyte telomere length is a biomarker of cellular aging; associations with mortality are cohort- and context-dependent. | PMID 30265166 ↗ |
| DNAMETHYLATION | Epigenetic | Epigenetic clock (Horvath) | increase with age | Established | DNA methylation age is a robust biomarker of biological aging and predicts mortality. | PMID 24138928 ↗ |
| SASP | Immune | Senescence-associated secretory phenotype | increase with age | Established | Accumulating senescent cells secrete SASP factors driving tissue dysfunction and aging. | PMID 38654098 ↗ |
| CD28 | Immune | CD28- senescent T cells | increase with age | Established | Loss of CD28 marks senescent/aging T cells; accumulation is a hallmark of immunosenescence. | PMID 38471362 ↗ |
| IGF1 | Protein | Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) | age-related | Established | GH/IGF-1 axis signaling modulates lifespan and longevity. | PMID 15800976 ↗ |
| SIRT1 | Protein | Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) | protective | Candidate | NAD+-dependent deacetylase; levels/activity decline with age, implicated in metabolic aging. | PMID 32084459 ↗ |
| mTOR | Protein | mTORC1 activity / inhibition | inhibition protective; high activity risk-associated | Candidate | Inhibition of mTORC1 is associated with lifespan extension in model organisms; interpret mTOR pathway activity and intervention direction separately. | PMID 37142830 ↗ |
| GDF15 | Protein | Growth differentiation factor 15 | increase with age | Established | GDF15 rises with age/cellular stress; strong predictor of all-cause mortality. | PMID 37190783 ↗ |
| PROGERIN | Protein | Progerin (lamin A) | increase with age | Candidate | Mutant lamin A (progerin) accumulates with age and drives cellular senescence. | PMID 41780574 ↗ |
| FGF21 | Protein | Fibroblast growth factor 21 | modulating | Candidate | Metabolic hormone (hormokine) with metabolism- and longevity-linked effects. | PMID 40527315 ↗ |
| HSP70 | Protein | Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) | decrease with age | Candidate | Proteostasis chaperone; Hsp70 dysfunction linked to cellular senescence. | PMID 31997665 ↗ |
| ALBUMIN | Clinical | Serum albumin | age-related | Established | Lower serum albumin (hypoalbuminemia) with age/inflammation linked to frailty and mortality. | PMID 25547740 ↗ |
| VITAMIND | Clinical | Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) | modulating | Established | Low vitamin D associated with frailty and age-related disease risk. | PMID 21131545 ↗ |
| GDF11 | Protein | Growth differentiation factor 11 | controversial | Candidate | Reported as rejuvenating factor (reverse of aging) with debated age association. | PMID 33025411 ↗ |
| PGC1A | Protein | PGC-1α | protective | Candidate | Master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis; declines with age, esp. in muscle. | PMID 20134150 ↗ |
| NAMPT | Protein | Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase | decrease with age | Candidate | Key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme; NAD+ declines with aging, linked to sirtuin activity. | PMID 24786309 ↗ |
| OXIDIZEDLDL | Clinical | Oxidative stress / oxidized LDL | lower in exceptional longevity; context-dependent | Candidate | Exceptional longevity cohorts may show lower lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage; direction depends on the biomarker, cohort, and clinical context. | PMID 31550529 ↗ |
| NLR | Clinical | Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | increase with age | Established | Systemic immune-inflammatory ratio; higher NLR associated with aging and mortality. | PMID 40992643 ↗ |
Catalog PMIDs point to representative key references. Evidence tiers: Established = replicated in human cohorts; Candidate = supported in model organisms / emerging human data. Use the PubMed search above for fully current results.