Glial cells

Glial cells (neuroglia) are non-neuronal cells that provide support, protection, and insulation for neurons in the nervous system. Major types include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia (CNS), and Schwann cells (PNS). Functions are diverse: maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin sheaths to speed conduction, providing structural support, acting as immune defenders, and modulating synaptic activity. They are essential for normal development, function, and repair of neural tissue.