GSE307184 Rhesus Brain Lifespan
Multi-region single-nucleus atlas of the ageing rhesus macaque brain (Yang et al., bioRxiv 2025). This page summarises the official GEO annotation tables: 11 regions, 55 animals (29 female / 26 male), ages 0.43–20.81 years, 12 major cell classes. The 17 G count matrix stays on the compute host; composition and coverage here are computed on all 5,302,610 nuclei.
Age coverage
Infant <3 y · Young 3–8 y · Mid 8–15 y · Old ≥15 y. Youngest animals in this matrix are ~5 months; oldest is 20.81 years.
| Age group | Nuclei |
|---|---|
| Infant (<3 y) | 176,041 |
| Young (3–8 y) | 1,616,033 |
| Mid (8–15 y) | 2,190,223 |
| Old (≥15 y) | 1,320,313 |
| Sex | Nuclei |
|---|---|
| Female | 2,786,412 |
| Male | 2,516,198 |
Eleven brain regions
Official region codes from the GEO annotation. IPP (inferior posterior parietal) is the largest slice; EC (entorhinal cortex) is the smallest.
| Region | Full name | Infant | Young | Mid | Old | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACC | Anterior cingulate cortex | 15,552 | 157,304 | 227,518 | 145,554 | 545,928 |
| dlPFC | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 12,614 | 86,813 | 114,126 | 76,287 | 289,840 |
| IPP | Inferior posterior parietal | 58,540 | 423,295 | 655,683 | 394,238 | 1,531,756 |
| M1 | Primary motor cortex | 9,607 | 87,439 | 123,545 | 77,610 | 298,201 |
| EC | Entorhinal cortex | 9,910 | 68,310 | 89,071 | 54,851 | 222,142 |
| HIP | Hippocampus | 5,943 | 130,521 | 141,403 | 65,080 | 342,947 |
| NAc | Nucleus accumbens | 7,628 | 77,662 | 95,694 | 69,170 | 250,154 |
| CN | Caudate nucleus | 9,785 | 61,018 | 98,260 | 56,084 | 225,147 |
| mdTN | Mediodorsal thalamus | 14,195 | 134,688 | 164,320 | 101,067 | 414,270 |
| MB | Midbrain | 4,539 | 107,078 | 113,638 | 63,603 | 288,858 |
| lCb | Lateral cerebellum | 27,728 | 281,905 | 366,965 | 216,769 | 893,367 |
Cell-class composition
Twelve official cell_class_annotation labels on the full 5.30M-nucleus table. Composition is not re-clustered here.
| Cell class | Infant | Young | Mid | Old | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glutamatergic neurons | 60,539 | 453,905 | 613,015 | 358,553 | 1,486,012 |
| GABAergic neurons | 21,071 | 160,594 | 227,736 | 134,741 | 544,142 |
| cerebellar neurons | 23,609 | 227,890 | 304,342 | 180,843 | 736,684 |
| medium spiny neurons | 8,668 | 48,703 | 68,946 | 35,026 | 161,343 |
| midbrain neurons | 1,200 | 33,099 | 36,204 | 20,252 | 90,755 |
| basket cells | 2,172 | 25,917 | 29,121 | 16,942 | 74,152 |
| oligodendrocytes | 14,377 | 290,616 | 467,168 | 304,972 | 1,077,133 |
| oligodendrocyte precursor cells | 7,965 | 57,687 | 65,208 | 39,592 | 170,452 |
| astrocytes | 20,167 | 155,036 | 185,254 | 112,527 | 472,984 |
| microglia | 5,977 | 58,469 | 74,719 | 44,758 | 183,923 |
| vascular cells | 9,950 | 91,606 | 110,293 | 66,978 | 278,827 |
| ependymal cells | 346 | 12,511 | 8,217 | 5,129 | 26,203 |
Region × class mix
Row-normalised: cerebellum is dominated by cerebellar neurons; striatum (NAc/CN) by medium spiny neurons; cortex by glutamatergic + oligodendrocytes.
Lineage fractions (measured)
Percent of nuclei in each age bin. These are official-label counts, not a new annotation.
| Age | Nuclei | Neuron % | Glia % | Glut % | GABA % | Oligo % | Astro % | Micro % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant | 176,041 | 66.6 | 27.5 | 34.4 | 12.0 | 8.2 | 11.5 | 3.4 |
| Young | 1,616,033 | 58.8 | 34.8 | 28.1 | 9.9 | 18.0 | 9.6 | 3.6 |
| Mid | 2,190,223 | 58.4 | 36.2 | 28.0 | 10.4 | 21.3 | 8.5 | 3.4 |
| Old | 1,320,313 | 56.5 | 38.0 | 27.2 | 10.2 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 3.4 |
Top subtypes
Most abundant official subtype labels (225 unique in the full table).
| Subtype | Nuclei |
|---|---|
| OPC_3 | 195,742 |
| OPC_0 | 171,628 |
| OPC_12 | 141,794 |
| OPC_6 | 128,468 |
| CBN_9 | 121,756 |
| OPC_4 | 118,028 |
| CBN_3 | 116,039 |
| CBN_4 | 115,158 |
| CBN_2 | 113,515 |
| CBN_6 | 109,663 |
| GLUT_17 | 105,171 |
| GLUT_29 | 103,531 |
| GLUT_3 | 98,881 |
| OPC_7 | 96,474 |
| OPC_5 | 92,414 |
| GLUT_27 | 91,486 |
| OPC_2 | 86,804 |
| OPC_11 | 82,847 |
| GLUT_20 | 81,499 |
| GLUT_18 | 78,617 |
Animals
55 rhesus macaques. Age is the first recorded value per animal_id.
| Animal | Sex | Age (y) | Group | Regions | Samples | Nuclei |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I203D4 | M | 0.43 | Infant | 11 | 11 | 107,414 |
| I204I3 | F | 0.44 | Infant | 10 | 10 | 68,627 |
| 2S6 | M | 3.17 | Young | 11 | 11 | 136,160 |
| 4S3 | F | 3.18 | Young | 11 | 11 | 135,561 |
| 2Q0 | F | 3.21 | Young | 11 | 11 | 108,215 |
| 4Q6 | F | 3.22 | Young | 11 | 11 | 117,612 |
| 3R7 | M | 3.32 | Young | 9 | 9 | 71,588 |
| 2T2 | M | 4.09 | Young | 9 | 9 | 44,373 |
| 1T9 | F | 4.11 | Young | 10 | 10 | 87,466 |
| 2V1 | M | 4.3 | Young | 11 | 11 | 104,875 |
| 1V8 | F | 4.31 | Young | 11 | 11 | 86,038 |
| 3T5 | F | 5.12 | Young | 11 | 11 | 113,294 |
| 2T6 | M | 5.18 | Young | 11 | 11 | 82,152 |
| 6O7 | F | 6.03 | Young | 10 | 10 | 106,080 |
| 1P5 | M | 6.21 | Young | 10 | 10 | 95,078 |
| 5R4 | M | 6.25 | Young | 11 | 11 | 71,652 |
| 2S2 | F | 6.31 | Young | 11 | 11 | 53,503 |
| 4J6 | F | 7.15 | Young | 11 | 11 | 126,644 |
| 1G8 | M | 7.88 | Young | 11 | 11 | 75,742 |
| 8M0 | F | 8.12 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 61,748 |
| 7M4 | M | 8.15 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 76,624 |
| 1L1 | F | 8.17 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 79,594 |
| 6L4 | M | 8.2 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 133,591 |
| 3K1 | M | 9.01 | Mid | 10 | 10 | 68,543 |
| 0G3 | F | 9.1 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 124,818 |
| 8I6 | F | 9.9 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 158,705 |
| 8H2 | M | 10.13 | Mid | 9 | 9 | 35,443 |
| 2I1 | M | 10.27 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 104,856 |
| 2C0 | F | 11.0 | Mid | 1 | 1 | 33,964 |
| 5H6 | F | 11.03 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 109,323 |
| 2F2 | F | 11.04 | Mid | 10 | 10 | 66,699 |
| 7F0 | F | 11.2 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 162,341 |
| 3E4 | M | 11.99 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 143,819 |
| 0B9 | F | 12.11 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 118,341 |
| 8C9 | M | 12.12 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 116,225 |
| 8B3 | M | 13.09 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 101,140 |
| 3D1 | F | 13.11 | Mid | 10 | 10 | 79,132 |
| 6D9 | F | 13.11 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 48,822 |
| 46Z | M | 13.97 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 71,577 |
| 2C6 | M | 14.03 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 135,272 |
| 56R | F | 14.95 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 89,060 |
| 55R | F | 14.97 | Mid | 11 | 11 | 70,586 |
| 37V | F | 15.07 | Old | 11 | 11 | 67,566 |
| 50P | M | 15.59 | Old | 11 | 11 | 59,128 |
| 91O | M | 15.86 | Old | 11 | 11 | 99,692 |
| 42T | M | 15.96 | Old | 11 | 11 | 120,515 |
| 82V | F | 16.01 | Old | 11 | 11 | 128,380 |
| 98V | F | 16.03 | Old | 11 | 11 | 75,260 |
| 77V | F | 16.15 | Old | 11 | 11 | 110,751 |
| 41N | M | 16.74 | Old | 11 | 11 | 143,922 |
| 43N | M | 17.0 | Old | 11 | 11 | 125,260 |
| 31S | M | 17.0 | Old | 11 | 11 | 108,250 |
| 97R | F | 17.93 | Old | 11 | 11 | 77,114 |
| 56K | M | 19.93 | Old | 11 | 11 | 83,307 |
| 74K | F | 20.81 | Old | 11 | 11 | 121,168 |
Source and related views
The 17 G CSR count matrix (GSE307184_all_regions_count.npz, 5,302,610 × 29,060) stays on pandora002. This page ships the official-annotation tables and figures only. Cross-tissue expression contrasts are not recomputed here.