Granule cells

Granule cells are small, numerous excitatory neurons with a characteristic granular appearance. Key populations exist in the cerebellum (input neurons of the cortical layer), dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (forming new memories), and olfactory bulb. They typically receive multiple inputs, process information in a dense network, and project to larger principal cells (e.g., Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells), playing crucial roles in motor coordination, learning, and sensory processing.