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Species
Olive baboon
Papio anubis
Primates
Species Overview
The most widespread baboon, found across 25 equatorial African countries from Mali to Ethiopia and Tanzania. Named for their olive-green pelage (a mix of yellowish and black banded hairs). Males are large (22โ37 kg) with prominent canine teeth and a heavy mane; females weigh 12โ18 kg. They have a long, dog-like muzzle and powerful jaws. Olive baboons are among the most adaptable primates, occupying savannas, woodland, grassland, and even arid regions. They are omnivorous and opportunistic, eating grasses, roots, fruits, insects, small vertebrates, and occasionally hunting young gazelles. Social structure is multi-male, multi-female troops of 15โ150 individuals with complex dominance hierarchies, coalitions, and friendships between males and females. They are terrestrial and diurnal, sleeping in trees or on cliffs at night. Gestation is ~180 days. They are used in behavioral ecology and biomedical research (cardiovascular disease, stress physiology). Lifespan is 25โ30 years. They can be significant crop-raiders. IUCN: Least Concern.
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