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Species
Yak
Bos grunniens
Ungulates
Species Overview
A large bovid (family Bovidae) domesticated from the wild yak (Bos mutus) approximately 5,000–7,000 years ago on the Tibetan Plateau. Domestic yaks weigh 300–600 kg (wild yaks can exceed 1,000 kg). They have a heavy build, humped shoulders, short legs, and are covered in long, dense, dark brown to black hair with a woolly undercoat, hanging like a "skirt" from the belly and flanks. They have large lungs, high red blood cell counts, and hemoglobin adapted for high-altitude oxygen transport—thriving at 3,000–5,500 m elevation. They are hardy grazers, eating grasses, sedges, and lichens. Yaks are indispensable to Tibetan pastoral cultures, providing milk (butter tea), meat, fiber, leather, dung (fuel), and pack transport. They can cross glacial passes and snowfields inaccessible to other livestock. Females have a gestation of ~258 days, usually one calf. They hybridize with cattle to produce "dzo" (F? hybrids of higher milk and meat production). Population: ~15 million domestic yaks, mainly in China. Lifespan: ~20 years. 2n=60.
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The UMAP atlas data for Yak is not yet available.
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