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Species
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
Rodents
Species Overview
A domesticated caviomorph rodent (family Caviidae) originally from the Andes of South America, where it was domesticated ~5,000โ7,000 years ago by indigenous peoples as a food source. Adults weigh 0.7โ1.2 kg with a compact, tailless body. Numerous breeds exist with varying coat types (smooth, rosette, long-haired) and colors. They are gentle, social, vocal animals (wheeks, purrs, rumbles), living in groups. Diet is strictly herbivorous (hay, vegetables, grass). Critically, they cannot synthesize vitamin C (like humans and other primates), due to a non-functional L-gulonolactone oxidase gene, making them the classical model for scurvy research. They have been used in immunology (complement system, allergy/anaphylaxis), auditory physiology (their cochlear frequency range is similar to humans), tuberculosis, and nutrition research since the 17th century. Gestation is long (~59โ72 days) and pups are precocialโborn fully furred, eyes open, and mobile. Litters of 1โ6 pups. Lifespan: 5โ7 years. Also popular as pets worldwide. 2n=64.
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