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Species
Galilee blind mole rat
Spalax galili
Rodents
Species Overview
A subterranean rodent (family Spalacidae) endemic to the basalt soils of the Upper Galilee in northern Israel. Adults weigh 100โ200 g with a cylindrical body, no visible eyes (vestigial and covered by skin), no external ears, and a very short tail. Massive, protruding incisors are used for digging tunnels. Fur is velvety, grayish-brown. They live entirely underground in sealed burrow systems, feeding on roots, bulbs, and tubers. They are fiercely solitary and territorial. Their adaptations to the subterranean environment are extraordinary: tolerance of severe hypoxia and hypercapnia (high CO?), as oxygen levels in their tunnels can drop dangerously low. Most remarkably, blind mole rats exhibit extreme resistance to cancerโthey virtually never develop spontaneous tumors. This has been linked to massive necrotic cell death triggered by interferon-ฮฒ when cells reach high density. They are a premier model for hypoxia adaptation, cancer resistance, and speciation (four chromosomal species exist in Israel). Lifespan exceeds 20 years.
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