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Species
Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
Fishes
Species Overview
A large freshwater cyprinid (family Cyprinidae) native to temperate Asia (Black Sea, Caspian, and Aral Sea drainages), now one of the most widely distributed fish globally through aquaculture and introductions. Adults commonly reach 40โ80 cm and 2โ14 kg; exceptional individuals exceed 40 kg. They have a deep, laterally compressed body, large scales (except in mirror and leather varieties), a subterminal mouth with two pairs of barbels, and olive-brown to golden coloration. They tolerate a wide range of water conditions (temperature, oxygen, turbidity). Omnivorous bottom-feeders, eating invertebrates, plants, and detritus. One of the first fish domesticated for aquaculture (~2,000 years ago in China and Rome). Ornamental varieties include koi, developed in Japan. They are prolific spawners (100,000โ300,000+ eggs per female). They are considered one of the worst invasive species globally, degrading water quality and native aquatic communities by uprooting vegetation and resuspending sediment. The genome is sequenced (2n=100, allotetraploid). Used in aquaculture research, genetics, and ecology. Lifespan: 20โ40 years. IUCN: Vulnerable (wild populations).
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